过程追踪
外观
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过程追踪(process tracing)是一种用于开发和检验理论的研究方法。[1][2][3]该方法通常被理解为一种基于因果机制进行推论的“案例内”方法。[4][5]该方法被用于社会科学(如心理学[6])以及自然科学。[5]
使用过程追踪的学者根据测试(特别是风中稻草测试、箍测试、确凿证据测试、双重决定性测试)的强度评估证据的权重。[5]重要的不仅仅是观察的数量,还有观察的质量和方式。[5][6]使用贝叶斯概率,可以通过过程跟踪从一小部分数据中做出强有力的因果推断。[5][7]过程追踪是一种突出的案例研究方法。[8]
延伸阅读
[编辑]- Bennett, A. and A.L. George (2001). "Case Studies and Process Tracing in History and Political Science: Similar Strokes for Different Foci" in C. Elman and M.F. Elman (eds.) Bridges and Boundaries: Historians, Political Scientists, and the Study of International Relations. MIT Press pp. 137–166.
- Checkel. J. T. (2006) "Tracing Causal Mechanisms." The International Studies Review 8: 362-370.
- Checkel, J. T. (2008) "Process Tracing." in A. Klotz and D. Prakash (eds.) Qualitative Methods in International Relations: A Pluralist Guide. Palgrave. pp. 114–129.
- Vennesson, P. and I. Wiesner (2014) "Process Tracing in Case Studies." in J. Soeters, P. Shields and S Reitjens (eds) Routledge Handbook of Research Methods in Military Studies. Routledge. pp. 92–103.
参考资料
[编辑]- ^ Collier, David. Understanding Process Tracing. PS: Political Science & Politics. 2011, 44 (4): 823–830. ISSN 1049-0965. doi:10.1017/s1049096511001429
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- ^ Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M.; Kühberger, A.; Ranyard, R. (编). A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User's Guide. New York: Taylor & Francis. 2011.
- ^ Ford, J. Kevin; Schmitt, Neal; Schechtman, Susan L.; Hults, Brian M.; Doherty, Mary L. Process Tracing Methods: Contributions, Problems, and Neglected Research Questions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1989, 43 (1): 75–117. doi:10.1016/0749-5978(89)90059-9.
- ^ Jacobs, Alan M.; Büthe, Tim; Arjona, Ana; Arriola, Leonardo R.; Bellin, Eva; Bennett, Andrew; Björkman, Lisa; Bleich, Erik; Elkins, Zachary; Fairfield, Tasha; Gaikwad, Nikhar. The Qualitative Transparency Deliberations: Insights and Implications. Perspectives on Politics. 2021,. Supplementary materials, Pt 2: 171–208 [2023-04-29]. ISSN 1537-5927. S2CID 232050726. doi:10.1017/S1537592720001164. (原始内容存档于2023-07-08) (英语).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Bennett, Andrew. Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M; Brady, Henry E; Collier, David , 编. Process Tracing: a Bayesian Perspective. The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology. 2008 [2023-04-29]. ISBN 978-0-19-928654-6. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199286546.001.0001. (原始内容存档于2021-03-23) (英语).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M.; Kühberger, A.; Ranyard, R. (编). A Handbook of Process Tracing Methods for Decision Research: A Critical Review and User's Guide. New York: Taylor & Francis. 2011.
- ^ Fairfield, Tasha; Charman, Andrew E. Social Inquiry and Bayesian Inference. Cambridge University Press. 2022. ISBN 978-1-108-42164-5 (英语).
- ^ Mahoney, James. Mechanisms, Bayesianism, and process tracing. New Political Economy. 2016-09-02, 21 (5): 493–499. ISSN 1356-3467. S2CID 156167903. doi:10.1080/13563467.2016.1201803.